姘戦潻榻愰綈鍝堝皵甯?/span>瀵屾媺灝斿熀鍖哄熀灞傚鍛樹細涓誨 鐜嬬鏋?/span>
1931騫粹�滀節(jié)路涓�鍏�濅簨鍙樺悗錛屾棩鏈鏡鐣ュ啗鍔犵揣瀵逛腑鍥戒笢鍖楃殑鍐涗簨鍗犻鍜屾畺姘戠粺娌伙紝褰撴椂椹誨畧鍛間雞璐濆皵鍦板尯鐨勫搱婊℃姢璺啗鎬誨徃浠よ嫃鐐蟲枃灝嗗啗浠ュ瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟負涓繪垬鍦猴紝鍦ㄦ搗鎷夊皵瑾撳笀瀹ｅ竷鎶楁棩錛屽彶縐?/span>鈥滄搗婊℃姉鎴樷�濄�?/span>嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鍦ㄤ腑鍥戒漢姘戞姉鏃ユ垬浜夊巻鍙蹭笂鏈夌潃閲嶈鍦頒綅錛屾槸緇ф睙妗ユ姉鎴樹箣鍚庝互姘戜紬鎶楁棩鏁戝浗鐨勫艦寮忥紝鎵撳搷浜嗗鏃ュ鎴樼殑絎竴鏋紝鏄?/span>鈥滀節(jié)路涓�鍏�濅箣鍚?/span>涓浗鍗佸洓騫存姉鏃ユ垬浜変腑鍏勾灞�閮ㄦ姉鎴樼殑閲嶈鎴樺焦鎴樻枟涔嬩竴錛?/span>錛?/span>鏄竴涓渿鎯婁笘鐣岀殑鎶楁棩鏂椾簤鍘嗗彶浜嬩歡銆傝�屽瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰瑰垯鍦ㄦ搗婊℃姉鎴樹腑鍏鋒湁閲嶈鐨勫湴浣嶅拰鐗規(guī)畩鐨勮礎鐚�?/span>
鍏抽敭璇嶏細嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬 瀵屾媺灝斿熀鎴樺焦 閲嶈鍦頒綅 鐗規(guī)畩璐＄尞
1銆佹搗婊℃姉鎴樿儗鏅?/span>
1931騫粹�滀節(jié)路涓�鍏�濅簨鍙樺悗錛屾棩鏈鏡鐣ュ啗鍦ㄧ煭鐭殑涓�鍛ㄦ椂闂撮噷錛屽崰棰嗕簡杈藉畞鍜屽悏鏋椾袱鐪佸ぇ閮ㄥ湴鍖猴紝騫?/span>鍔犵揣瀵逛腑鍥戒笢鍖楀叏澧冪殑鍐涗簨鍗犻鍜屾畺姘戠粺娌匯�?/span>
鍚屽勾鍗佷竴鏈堬紝鏃ユ湰鍑哄叺榛戦緳姹熺渷浼氬煄甯傞綈榻愬搱灝旀椂錛岀埍鍥藉皢棰嗛┈鍗犲北鐜囦笢鍖楀啗濂嬭搗鎶墊姉錛岀粰涓庢棩鍐涜繋澶寸棝鍑伙紝鎵撳搷浜嗕腑鍥芥姉鏃ユ垬浜夌殑絎竴鏋�傛睙妗ユ垬褰瑰け鍒╁悗錛岄綈榻愬搱灝斿け闄楓�傞┈鍗犲北鐜囩渷鏀垮簻杞Щ鍒版搗浼﹀幙鍚庯紝鑻忕偝鏂囷紝寮犳涔?jié)鍒欑巼鎵�閮ㄦ挙閫�鍒板姹熶互瑗匡紝鎹畧浠庡瘜鎷夊皵鍩哄埌婊℃床閲屼竴甯︾殑榛戦緳姹熺渷瑗塊儴鍦板尯銆?/span>
1932騫翠笁鏈堟棩鏈鏡鐣ュ啗寤虹珛浜嗗個鍎℃斂鏉冧吉婊℃床鍥斤紝鎶婂叴瀹夊箔浠ヨタ鍦板尯鍒掍負鍏村畨鍖楀垎鐪侊紝嫻鋒媺灝斾負鐪佷細銆?/span>
鍛間雞璐濆皵鍦板尯騫舵棤鏃ユ湰鍐涗簨鍔涢噺錛岃鏀褲�佸啗浜嬨�佸浜ょ瓑澶ф潈鎺屾彙鍦ㄥ懠浼﹁礉灝旀渶楂樿鏀垮啗浜嬮暱瀹樿嫃鐐蟲枃鐨勬墜閲屻�?/span>1932騫村垵錛屾棩鍐涘鑻忕偝鏂囬噰鍙栤�滃厛鎷夊悗鎵撯�濓紝涓嶅ぇ涓捐繘鍏碉紝鑰屾槸榪涜璇遍檷銆?/span>鑻忕偝鏂囧皢鍐涗笉欏懼崡浜浗姘戞斂搴滅殑鈥?/span>涓嶆姷鎶?/span>鈥?/span>鍛戒護錛?/span>涓�闈㈣櫄鎰忓簲閰紝涓�闈㈢Н鏋佸鎴樸�?/span>姹熸ˉ鎶楁垬澶卞埄鍚庯紝涓棩鍙屾柟闅旀睙鐩稿錛屽悇鑷姞绱у啗浜嬭繍絳癸紝瀵屾媺灝斿熀渚挎垚涓哄弻鏂瑰喅鎴樼殑鎴樼暐瑕佸啿銆?/span>
涔?jié)鏈堜簩鍗佸叚鏃ュQ岃嫃鐐蟲枃鍦ㄦ搗鎷夊皵鍙紑浼氳錛岀瀵嗛儴緗茶鍔ㄨ鍒掋�備簩鍗佷竷鏃ワ紝椹繪墡鍦ㄦ弧媧查噷銆佹搗鎷夊皵銆佸崥鍏嬪浘銆佹墡鍏板悲銆佸瘜鎷夊皵鍩虹瓑鍦扮殑鎶よ礬鍐涳紝鎴翠笂鈥滈搧琛�鏁戝浗鈥濈殑綰㈣绔狅紝鍚屾椂琛屽姩錛屽崰棰嗚濺绔欙紝鍒囨柇鐢佃瘽錛屾壇涓嬩吉婊?/span>鈥滃浗鏃椻�濓紝鎸備笂涓浗姘戝浗鍥芥棗銆傚洿鏀繪弧媧查噷浼弧鍥藉璀﹀療闃燂紝榪嬌鍏剁即姊版姇闄嶃�?/span>
鍗佹湀涓�鏃ワ紝鑻忕偝鏂囧湪嫻鋒媺灝斿彫寮�涓囦漢鍐涙皯澶т細錛屽０璁ㄦ棩鏈笣鍥戒富涔変鏡鐣ョ姜琛岋紝瀹ｈ獡鎴愮珛鈥滀笢鍖楁皯浼楁晳鍥藉啗鍙鎬護閮ㄢ�濄�傝嫃鐐蟲枃浠繪�誨徃浠わ紝寮犳涔?jié)鋼Q鍓徃浠わ紝鍘熼┈鍗犲北鐨勫弬璋嬮暱璋㈢弬涓烘�誨弬璋嬮暱錛屽茍閫氱數鍏ㄥ浗瑾撳笀鎶楁棩銆?/span>鑻忕偝鏂囩瓑灝?/span>鍦ㄥ鏃犳彺鍏點�佸唴鏃犵伯楗風殑緇濆涓?/span>錛屼互瀵屾媺灝斿熀涓轟富鎴樺満錛?/span>鍦ㄦ搗鎷夊皵銆佹弧媧查噷絳夊湴鍧氭寔鎶楁棩68澶╋紝鍙茬О鈥?/span>嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鈥?/span>銆?/span>
2銆佹搗婊℃姉鎴樺瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰圭殑閲嶈鍦頒綅鍜岀壒孌婅礎鐚?/span>
嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鍦ㄤ腑鍥戒漢姘戞姉鏃ユ垬浜夊巻鍙蹭笂鏈夌潃閲嶈鍦頒綅錛屾槸涓浗鍗佸洓騫存姉鏃ユ垬浜変腑鍏勾灞�閮ㄦ姉鎴樼殑閲嶈鎴樺焦鎴樻枟涔嬩竴錛屾槸涓�涓渿鎯婁笘鐣岀殑鎶楁棩鏂椾簤鍘嗗彶浜嬩歡錛屼笌姹熸ˉ鎶楁垬鏈夌潃鍚屾牱閲嶅ぇ鍘嗗彶鎰忎箟銆傚瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰瑰垯鍦ㄦ搗婊℃姉鎴樹腑鍏鋒湁閲嶈鐨勫湴浣嶅拰鐗規(guī)畩鐨勮礎鐚�傛睙妗ユ姉鎴樺拰浠ュ瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟負涓昏鎴樺満鐨勬搗婊℃姉鎴橈紝鍦ㄥ啗浜嬩笂綺夌浜嗘棩鍐涗笉鍙垬鑳滅殑紲炶瘽錛屽湪鍥介檯涓婃彮闇蹭簡鏃ユ湰渚電暐涓浗鍜屾壎鎸佸個鍎℃斂搴滅殑闃磋皨鍜屾棩鍐涗嬌鐢ㄥ寲瀛︽鍣ㄦ潃浜虹殑孌嬮叿鏆磋錛屾槸鈥滀節(jié)路涓�鍏�濆悗涓浗灝卞紑濮嬩簡鎶楁棩鎴樹簤鐨勬湁鍔涜瘉鏄庛�傚瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰規(guī)槸緇?/span>鈥滄睙妗ユ姉鎴樷�濅箣鍚庯紝嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鍙蹭笂鏈�涓烘?zhèn)插．鑰屽張杈夌厡鐨勪竴欏點�?/span>
1.1銆佸瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘槸嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鐨勪富鎴樺満
嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鐨勬�誨徃浠ら儴璁懼湪嫻鋒媺灝旓紝鍥犲瘜鎷夊皵鍩虹榻愰綈鍝堝皵鏈�榪戯紝鍙堟湁澶╁爲瀚╂睙涓哄睆闅滐紝鍚屾椂瀚╂睙閾佽礬澶фˉ浣嶄簬瀵屾媺灝斿熀錛屾棩鍐涜タ鐘搗婊″湴鍖猴紝蹇呴』緇忚繃瀵屾媺灝斿熀錛涙晳鍥藉啗鍧氬畧瀚╂睙浠ヨタ鍦板尯錛屾敹澶嶇渷鍩庝篃蹇呴』浠ュ瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟負鍓嶇嚎鍩哄湴錛屽瘜鎷夊皵鍩鴻嚜鐒舵垚涓轟腑鏃ュ弻鏂逛簤澶虹殑鎴樼暐瑕佸啿錛屽洜姝ゅ瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垚涓烘搗婊℃姉鎴樼殑涓繪垬鍦恒�?/span>
涓笢閾佽礬淇緩鏃訛紝涓轟繚鍗姹熼搧璺ぇ妗ワ紝淇勫浗浜哄嚭浜庡啗浜嬫垬鐣ョ殑鑰冭檻錛屽湪淇緩瀵屾媺灝斿熀鐏濺绔欑殑鍚屾椂錛屼慨寤轟簡铏庡皵铏庢媺杞︾珯銆備竴鏃︽湁鎴樹簨錛岃檸灝旇檸鎷夎濺绔欏彲浠ヤ綔涓哄瘜鎷夊皵鍩虹珯鐨勫悗鏂瑰熀鍦幫紝瀹屾垚鎴樻椂鍐涢槦鐗╄祫鐨勮漿榪愩�備互铏庡皵铏庢媺杞︾珯涓轟腑鐐癸紝寰�鍗椾緷嬈℃槸鍓嶅簱鍕掑悲銆佸悗姘村搱鎷夊悲錛屽線鍖椾緷嬈℃槸鑵板簱鍕掑悲銆佸悗搴撳嫆灞紝鍙互鏋勬垚瀵屾媺灝斿熀瑗塊儴鐨勭旱娣遍槻綰褲�傝檸灝旇檸鎷夎濺绔欏拰鑵板簱鍕掓潙鎴愪負鏁戝浗鍐涙壖瀹堟搗鎷夊皵絳夎タ閮ㄦ姉鏃ュ熀鍦扮殑閲嶈闂ㄦ埛鍜屽墠娌塊樀鍦般�?/span>
1931騫村崄涓�鏈堬紝娉版潵姹熸ˉ鎶楁垬澶卞埄鍚庯紝鑻忕偝鏂囨淳鍏墊壖瀹堝瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘睙妗ヨ濉炪�傞┗鍐涗富瑕佸叺钀ヨ鍦ㄥ瘜鎷夊皵鍩鴻タ閮婄殑鑵板簱鍕掑悲銆傞儴闃熷墠綰挎寚鎸ラ儴涔熼┗瀹堝湪鑵板簱鍕掑悲銆傚綋鏃惰嫃鐐蟲枃鐨勫啗浜嬮儴緗叉槸錛氬瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟負鍥哄畧嫻鋒弧鍦板尯鐨勭涓�閬撻槻綰匡紝鏈卞鍧庡瓙鍜岀⒕瀛愬北鍒嗗埆涓虹浜岀嚎鍜岀涓夌嚎銆傚湪瀵屾媺灝斿熀錛岃嫃鐐蟲枃絳夊皢閮ㄩ槦閮ㄧ講鍦ㄥ崡璧鋒按鍝堟媺鏉戯紝緇忓墠搴撳嫆鏉戙�佽叞搴撳嫆鏉戙�佸悗搴撳嫆鏉戣嚦鍖楅潰鐨勫崄涓夋柟鏉戯紝涓�綰挎帓寮�銆傝叞搴撳嫆鍜岃檸灝旇檸鎷夌伀杞︾珯涓洪噸鐐廣�傚瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘睙妗ユ垬褰瑰拰瀵屾媺灝斿熀鍩庡尯浜夊ず鎴樻湡闂達紝鑵板簱鍕掍負鍓嶇嚎閮ㄩ槦杞崲鐨勪紤鏁村湴鍜屽悗鏂歸樀钀ャ�?/span>
1.2銆佸瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰規(guī)槸涓�鍦烘剰涔夐噸澶с�佸獎鍝嶆繁榪滅殑鎴樺焦
鍙戠敓鍦ㄥ瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟富鎴樺満鐨勬搗婊℃姉鎴橈紝閫氱數浜嗗浗闄呰仈鐩燂紝鍛婄煡鍏ㄤ笘鐣屻�傚綋鏃跺浗鍐呭鍚勫ぇ濯掍綋鍧囧嵆鏃跺仛鍑轟簡鎶ラ亾錛?/span>1932騫村崄鏈堜簲鏃ャ�婂ぇ鍏姤銆嬫姤閬撲簡鑻忕偝鏂囪搗涔夐�氱數鍏ㄦ枃銆?/span>1932騫翠節(jié)鏈堜笁鍗佹棩鑷沖崄鏈堝垵錛屻�婁腑澶棩鎶ャ�嬭繛緇洓嬈℃姤閬撯�滆嫃鐐蟲枃鍏堥攱闃熻繘鑷沖瘜鎷夊皵鍩衡�濆強鍏跺畠鎴樺喌銆?/span>1932騫村崄鏈堜竴鏃ャ�婁笂嫻鋒椂鎶ャ�嬬О錛氣�滃寳騫充竴鏃ョ數錛岃嫃鐐蟲枃鍐涘叏閮ㄤ笢榪?嬋�鎴樺瘜鎷夊皵鍩衡�濄�傚崄鏃ワ紝鑻忕偝鏂囥�佸紶孌夸節(jié)鑷寸數鍥借仈鍜屽浗鍐呭鍚勫ぇ鎶ュ垔錛屾彮闇叉棩鏈鏡鐣ュ啗鏆磋錛屽笇鏈涘浗鑱斾富鎸佸叕閬擄紝璋磋矗鍜屽埗瑁佹棩鏈紝鐢墊枃鍦ㄣ�婂ぇ鍏姤銆?/span>1932騫翠節(jié)鏈堝崄浜屾棩鍒婄櫥銆傚崄浜屾棩錛岃嫃鐐蟲枃鍐嶆鑷寸數鍥借仈鍜屽崡浜斂搴滐紝鎶ュ憡瀵屾媺灝斿熀鍓嶇嚎鎴樺喌鍙婃棩鍐涙毚琛岋紝鐢墊枃鍦ㄣ�婂ぇ鍏姤銆?/span>1932騫村崄鏈堝崄涓夋棩鍒婄櫥銆傚崄浜屾棩錛岃嫃鐐蟲枃灝辨棩鍐涗嬌鐢ㄥ寲瀛︽鍣ㄤ竴浜嬶紝鍐嶆涓撶數鍥借仈鍙婂悇澶ф姤鍒婏紝鍚戝叏涓栫晫浜烘皯鎻湶鏃ユ湰鍏充笢鍐涚殑閲庤洰琛屽緞錛屽茍浜堜互寮虹儓璋磋矗銆?/span>1932騫村崄鏈堝崄鏃ワ紝涓ぎ鏃ユ姤鎶ラ亾鈥滄姢璺啗涓夎礬鏀婚粦鍨ｏ紝鍩庡唴闂葷偖澹幫紝鍙屾柟鎴樹簨姝ｉ叄銆傗�濄�婁笂嫻鋒椂鎶ャ�嬫姤閬撯�滃寳婊′箟鍐涜嫤鎴橈紝寮犳涔?jié)閮ㄨ鍑诲瘜鎷墳當鍩衡�濄�佲�滆嫃寮犲洓嬈″嚮閫�鏃ュ啗錛屾潕嫻鋒竻琚棩鍐涘悗璺�濄�佲�滃紶孌夸節(jié)閮ㄦ敾瀵屾媺灝斿熀錛屾棩鍐涘嚑閬叏閮ㄨ鐏�濄�傘�婂ぇ鍏姤銆嬫姤閬撯�滆嫃寮犳敾瀵屾媺灝斿熀鍓ф垬錛岄┈鍗犲北鎬繪敾榻愬厠綰庫�濄�佲�滈┈鍗犲北鍏嬪涔?jié)鍘垮Q岃嫃鐐蟲枃鍦ㄥ瘜鎷夊皵鍩虹潱鎴樷�濄�?/span>1932騫村崄涓�鏈堜簩鏃ャ�婂ぇ鍏姤銆嬫姤閬撯�滆嫃鐐蟲枃鍐涘湪瀵屾媺灝斿熀澶ц觸鏃ュ啗鈥濄�?/span>1932騫村崄涓�鏈堝崄浜屾棩銆婁笂嫻鋒椂鎶ャ�嬭錛氣�滃紶孌夸節(jié)鎶楁棩鍐涘瘜鎷夊皵鍩哄ぇ鎴?鏃ュ啗浼ゅ叺榪愯嚦榻愰綈鍝堝皵鈥濄�傚悓鏃ュ張縐幫細鈥滃紶鐜夌徑鑵板簱鍕掑ぇ鎴樻棩鍐涒�濄�?/span>
榪欎簺鎶ラ亾浜嗗彂鐢熷湪瀵屾媺灝斿熀鐨勬姉鎴樻枟浜夛紝璁板綍浜嗕笢鍖楀効濂充繚瀹跺崼鍥界殑鑻卞媷鐗虹壊鍜屾畩姝繪姷鎶楃殑鍙瓕鍙常鐨勪簨榪癸紝鍦ㄥ浗闄呬笂鎻湶浜嗘棩鏈鏡鐣ヤ腑鍥藉拰鏃ュ啗浣跨敤鍖栧姝﹀櫒鏉�浜虹殑孌嬮叿鏆磋錛屽艦鎴愪簡騫挎硾鐨勫浗闄呰垎璁猴紝鍦ㄥ浗鍐呭浜х敓浜嗗法澶х殑紺句細褰卞搷錛屾湁鍔涘湴璇佹槑浜?/span>鈥滀節(jié)路涓�鍏�濆悗涓浗浜烘皯灝卞紑濮嬩簡鍗佸洓騫寸殑鎶楁棩鎴樹簤銆傚鍏ㄥ浗鐨勬姉鏃ユ枟浜夊強涓栫晫鍙嶆硶瑗挎柉鎴樹簤璧峰埌浜嗗獎鍝嶆繁榪滅殑浣滅敤銆?/span>
1.3銆佸瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰規(guī)槸嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鏈�澶ц妯＄殑鎴樺焦
鍗佹湀涓夋棩鎴樺焦寮�濮嬶紝鑷沖崄浜屾湀涓婃棳緇撴潫錛屾搗婊℃姉鎴樺潥鎸佷簡鍏崄鍏ぉ錛屽瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟綔涓烘搗婊℃姉鎴樼殑涓繪垬鍦猴紝灝辨墦浜嗗洓鍗佷簲澶╋紝鍙屾柟浜ゆ垬闆嗕腑浜庡姹熸部宀搞�?/span>
涓�鏄姹熷瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘睙妗ヤ繚鍗垬銆?/span>1932騫村崄鏈堜笁鏃ユ媯鏅擄紝鏃ュ啗涓誨姩鍑哄嚮錛屾棩銆佷吉鍐涙姇鍏ュ叺鍔涗笁鍗冨浜猴紝浠ユ浘鍙傚姞涓婃搗鈥滀竴.浜屽叓鈥濇垬褰圭殑絎崄鍥涘笀鍥負涓匯�備袱鍐涙縺鎴樸�傚崄鏈堝叚鏃ュ埌涔?jié)鏃ュQ屾棩鍐涗笉鏂鍔犲叺鍔涳紝騫跺湪椋炴満鍔╂垬鍙婂ぇ鐐槳鍑葷殑鎺╂姢涓嬶紝杞暘寮哄害瀚╂睙錛屽悜鏁戝浗鍐涚柉鐙傝繘鏀匯�傛晳鍥藉啗涓庢棩鍐涜鎴樺洓澶╁洓澶滐紝铏界劧緇欐棩鍐涗互娌夐噸鎵撳嚮錛屾晳鍥藉啗涔熶粯鍑鴻緝澶т激浜°�傛棩鍐涗緷闈犵┖涓紭鍔匡紝媧鵑鏈虹寷鐑堣槳鍑繪晳鍥藉啗鐨勫瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘部姹熷哺闃靛湴鍜屼腑涓滈搧璺部綰塊樀鍦幫紝鏁戝浗鍐涙睙宀擱樀鍦板嚑涔庡叏琚鏈哄拰澶х偖鎽ф瘉錛屾�婚儴涓洪伩鍏嶆晫鏈鴻槳鐐擱�犳垚鏇村ぇ鐨勬崯澶憋紝鐢典護寮犵帀鐝芥挙閫�鑷崇浜岄亾闃茬嚎錛屾晳鍥藉啗涓嶅緱宸叉斁寮冨瘜鎷夊皵鍩哄煄錛屾挙鑷沖煄瑗塊儕澶栭樀鍦板拰鑵板簱鍕掍竴綰褲�?/span>
浜屾槸瀵屾媺灝斿熀浜夊ず鎴樸�傚崄鏈堜節(jié)鏃ヨ嚦浜屽崄涓冩棩錛屾晳鍥藉啗涓庢棩鍐涘睍寮�浜嗘縺鐑堢殑瀵屾媺灝斿熀浜夊ず鎴樸�備簩鍗佷竴鏃ワ紝寮犵帀鐝界巼閮ㄧ獊琚瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘棩鏈叧涓滃啗絎簩鑱旈槦闃靛湴銆傚紶鐜夌徑鎸戦�変簡涓ょ櫨鍚嶈韓寮哄姏澹�佷細浜涙鏈垨鍔ㄤ綔鏁忔嵎鐨勫畼鍏碉紝緇勬垚濂嬪媷闃燂紝浣滀負鍏堥攱錛屽悗緇т互涓�鍗冨浜虹殑姝ｉ潰涓繪敾閮ㄩ槦錛屼笌鏃ュ啗榪涜浜嗘縺鐑堢殑宸鋒垬錛屽綋鏅氬鎴樹腑錛屾棩鍐涙�繪寚鎸ュ師鍔犲闆勫乏鑵嬩腑寮癸紝浼ゅ娍涓ラ噸錛屽叾鑱屽姟鐢辨枊钘ゅ疄浠ｇ悊銆傛枊钘ゅ疄鑵歸儴涓脊錛屽綋鍦烘瘷鍛姐�傚啀鐢變腑宀涜姫浠ｇ悊錛屼腑宀涜姫鍦ㄥ叧甯濆簷鍐呮帰澶寸敤鏈涜繙闀滆瀵熸椂錛屾晳鍥藉啗涓�涓彨姹揪灞辯殑鐝暱鍒ゅ畾鍏舵槸鎸囨尌瀹橈紝绔嬪嵆鐬勫噯灝勫嚮錛屼竴鏋瘷鍛姐�傝鍑繪潃鐨勪笁涓棩鏈寚鎸ュ畼鐨勫畼闃跺垎鍒槸澶т綈銆佷腑浣愩�佸ぇ灝夈�傚瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟簤澶烘垬涓紝鏁戝浗鍐涗笁嬈″ず鍥炲瘜鎷夊皵鍩哄煄鍖猴紝閲嶅垱鏃ヤ吉鍐涖�?/span> 鍗佷竴鏈堜笂鏃紝宸茶嚦鍐護錛屾睙娌沖皝鍐匯�傛鑵句俊涔夊彂甯冧綔鎴樺懡浠わ紝璋冮泦榻愩�佸瘜鍦板尯鏃ヤ吉鍐涗袱涓囧浜猴紝鍚戞晳鍥藉啗榪涙敾銆傚茍浠ヨ鐢茶濺鎺╂姢宸ュ叺鎶慨姹熸ˉ銆侀搧璺紝姝ュ叺鍒欏悜瀵屾媺灝斿熀銆佽叞搴撳嫆涓�甯︽晳鍥藉啗闃靛湴鍙戝姩榪涙敾銆傛晳鍥藉啗鍦ㄥ鏃犳彺鍏碉紝鍐呬箯寮規(guī)錛屾棩浼啗澶ч噺澧炲叺鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛岀浉緇ч��鍑哄墠搴撳嫆銆佽檸灝旇檸鎷夈�佸悗搴撳嫆錛岀戶鑰岄��鍑哄瘜鎷夊皵鍩猴紝鏀懼純浜嗙涓�綰塊樀鍦幫紝鎾ら��鍒版湵瀹跺潕絎簩闃靛湴錛堜粖榫欐睙鍘挎斂搴滄墍鍦ㄥ湴錛夈�佺⒕瀛愬北涓�甯︺�?/span>
涓夋槸鍦ㄥ瘜鎷夊皵鍩鴻タ閮ㄦ縺鎴樸�備笌瀵屾媺灝斿熀浜夊ず鎴樼殑鍚屾椂錛屽崄鏈堜簩鍗佷簩鏃ワ紝鍦ㄥ瘜鎷夊皵鍩鴻タ閮ㄧ殑铏庡皵铏庢媺杞︾珯鑷寵叞搴撳嫆鏉戜竴綰匡紝鏁戝浗鍐涗笌綰㈡灙浼氫竴璧烽噸鍒涙棩鍐涳紝鍑繪瘷鏃ュ啗涓ょ櫨鍏崄澶氫漢錛屽茍鍑繪瘷浜嗘棩鍐涘博鏉懼ぇ浣愬拰甯冩柦灝戝皦銆傜孩鏋細鐗虹壊浜斿崄浜屼漢錛屾晳鍥藉啗浼や骸鍏崄涓変漢銆?/span>
鎴樺焦涓湡錛屾垬鏂楅泦涓簬瀵屾媺灝斿熀鍩庡唴鍙婅檸灝旇檸鎷夎濺绔欍�佽叞搴撳嫆涓�綰褲�傛垬褰規(guī)湡闂達紝鏃ュ啗鍙傛垬浜烘暟浠庡垵鏈熺殑涓夊崈澶氫漢閫愭澧炲姞鍒拌繎涓変竾浜猴紝姝﹀櫒瑁呭閰嶆湁鏁扮櫨鏋墮鏈轟互鍙婇噸鐐拰瑁呯敳杞︼紝鏁戝浗鍐涗互涓変釜鍥㈢殑鍏靛姏鍜屼簩鐧句簲鍗佸鍚嶇孩鏋細闃熷憳錛屽嚟鍊熸鏋�佸ぇ鍒�鍜岄暱鐭涗笌鏁屼漢嫻磋濂嬫垬榪戜袱涓湀錛屽畼鍏典激浜′竴鍗冧簩鐧懼浜恒�傛棩鍐涙崯澶辨儴閲嶏紝鎬繪寚鎸ュ師鍔犲闆勯噸浼わ紝鎺ヤ換鑰呮枊钘ゅ疄銆佷腑宀涜姫浠ュ強宀╂澗澶т綈鐩哥戶姣欏懡銆?/span>
鎴樺焦鍚庢湡錛岀敱浜庢棩鍐涘湪鍏靛姏鍜岃澶囦笂鐨勭粷瀵逛紭鍔匡紝鏁戝浗鍐涚粡榪囧鏃ユ縺鎴橈紝寰椾笉鍒板強鏃朵紤鏁村拰鏀彺錛岃榪敹緙╀簬鏈卞鍧庛�佺⒕瀛愬北涓�甯︼紝鏈�鍚庡叏閮ㄦ挙鍑烘垬褰廣�傛棩鍐涘崰棰嗘墡鍏板悲錛屽皻鍦ㄦ墡鍏板悲鍜岀⒕瀛愬北涔嬮棿緇х畫鎴樻枟鐨勫紶鐜夌徑鍜屼粎鍓╃殑涓�鍗冧竷鐧懼浜虹殑鏁戝浗鍐涳紝琚棩鍐涙埅鏂��寰�嫻鋒媺灝旂殑褰掕礬錛屼笌鎬婚儴澶卞幓鑱旂郴錛岃榪互娓稿嚮鎴樻柟寮忚繘鍏ヤ漢鐑熺█灝戠殑绱雞灞憋紝鍚庤嚦鐑渤鍙傚姞浜嗗啹鐜夌ゥ灝嗗啗鐨勯儴闃熴�傝嫃鐐蟲枃銆佸紶孌夸節(jié)鍒欑巼棰嗘搗婊℃姉鏃ュ啗錛堝鐢熻繛錛夈�佷腑涓滈搧璺憳宸ュ拰鐗廣�佽礬涓よ浜哄憳銆佹皯浼椼�佸濂沖効绔ワ紝鍏辮鍥涘崈闆朵節(jié)鍗佷漢鎾よ嚦鑻忚仈澧冨唴銆傝嚦姝わ紝浠ユ睙妗ユ姉鎴樸�佸瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘姉鎴樹互鍙婃嫓娉夋姉鎴樹負涓昏鎴樺焦鐨勪笢鍖楀啗鍜屼箟鍕囧啗杞拌槳鐑堢儓鐨勬姉鍑繪棩鏈鏡鐣ヨ�呯殑鍐涗簨琛屽姩鍛婁竴孌佃惤銆?/span>
榪欐槸涓�鍦哄姏閲忔瀬鍏舵?zhèn)瑢D婄殑鐢熸鎼忔枟錛屾槸嫻鋒弧鍦板尯鎶楁棩瑙勬ā鏈�澶ф渶鎯ㄧ儓鐨勬垬褰廣�?/span>
1.4銆佸瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰瑰垱涓嬩簡鏁頒釜鈥滈嬈♀�?/span>
1.1.1銆佹搗婊℃姉鎴樺瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰?/span>浠ユ皯浼楁姉鏃ユ晳鍥界殑褰㈠紡錛屾墦鍝嶄簡瀵規(guī)棩瀹ｆ垬鐨勭涓�鏋�?/span>
嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鏄?/span>涓�鏀互鏃х殑姝ｈ鍐涗負鍩虹鍖呮嫭姘戦棿姝﹁鍔涢噺鍜屾姉鏃ョ兢浼楀弬鍔犲湪鍐呯殑鑷彂鐨勬姉鏃ユ瑁呭姏閲?/span>錛?/span>嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鐨勫啗闃熺粍鎴愪富瑕佷負鑻忕偝鏂囥�佸紶孌夸節(jié)銆佸紶鐜夌徑鎵�鐜囬鐨勯儴闃燂紝榪樻湁涓�閮ㄥ垎鏃ч粦榫欐睙鍐涚殑孌嬮儴錛岄潚騫村鐢燂紝鏀剁紪鐨勮儭鍖紝鍐滄皯縐樺瘑浼氱ぞ銆備粬浠粍鎴愪簡鎶楁棩鏁戝浗鍐涳紝浠ユ皯浼楃粍鎴愮殑鍚庢彺浼氫負淇濋殰錛?/span>浠ユ皯浼楁姉鏃ユ晳鍥界殑褰㈠紡錛屾墦鍝嶄簡瀵規(guī)棩瀹ｆ垬鐨勭涓�鏋�?/span>
1932騫村崄鏈堜竴鏃ヤ笂鍗堜節(jié)鏃訛紝椹誨瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘姢璺啗絎竴鏃呯涓夊洟涓夌櫨澶氬悕瀹樺叺鑷傚甫鈥滈搧琛�鏁戝浗鈥濊绔狅紝浠ｈ〃鍐涢槦涓庝簲鐧懼鍚嶅笀鐢熷強閮ㄥ垎甯傛皯銆佸晢鎴楓�佸叡涓�鍗冧簲鐧懼浜猴紝鍦ㄩ緳姹熷幙絎竴瀹屽叏灝忓鏍?/span>鎿嶅満涓捐浜嗚搗涔夎獡甯堝ぇ浼氾紝浼氬悗錛屽畼鍏點�佸鐢熴�佹皯浼楅綈鍛煎彛鍙鳳紝緇曞煄涓�鍛ㄧず濞佹父琛屻�?/span>
椹誨瘜鎷夊皵鍩虹殑涓滃寳姘戜紬鎶楁晫鍚庢彺浼氬垎闃熸垚绔嬶紝褰撳ぉ鏈変竴鐧句簩鍗佸悕闈掑勾鍜屽鐢熷弬鍐涘叆浼嶏紝璧惰蕩鎶楁棩鏈�鍓嶇嚎銆傚叏鍩庣粍寤轟簡鎹愬姪緇勭粐錛屾敮鍓嶅伐浣滈槦錛屾皯浼楄笂璺冩崘嬈炬崘鐗╂敮鎻撮儴闃熸姉鏁岋紝瀛︾敓榪炲湪宸ュ巶閲屽府鍔╁伐鍏靛姞绱ц刀鍒跺湴闆楓�佺偢鑽�?/span>
鎶楁棩鏁戝浗鍐涜繘椹昏叞搴撳嫆灞悗錛屽緱鍒版潙姘戠殑澶у姏鏀寔銆傞潚澹勾閰嶅悎鏁戝浗鍐涘洿鏉戞寲浜嗗涓夌背銆佹繁涓ょ背澶氱殑鎴樺銆備粎鍦ㄦ潙灞湴涓滆タ涓や釜鏂瑰悜鍚勭暀涓�涓繘鍑哄彛錛屽茍璁劇珛宀楁ゼ錛屾鏌ュ嚭鍏ヤ漢鍛樸�傚墠搴撳嫆鍜屽悗搴撳嫆灞篃閮芥寜榪涢┗鐨勬晳鍥藉啗瑕佹眰淇瓚浜嗗伐浜嬮樀鍦般�備埂浜蹭滑澶滀互緇ф棩鍦扮敤紕懼瓙銆佺煶澧ㄤ負鏁戝浗鍐涘姞宸ョ帀綾抽潰銆侀珮綺辯背鍜屽皬楹﹂潰綺夛紝鍋氭垚鍚勭騫茬伯銆傜敤鏂頒笅鏉ョ殑縐嬭彍鑵屽埗鍚勫紡鍚勬牱鐨勫捀鑿溿�傚悇灞殑闈掑．騫磋繕鑷姩緇勬垚鎴樻椂鏁戞彺闃燂紝鍚�欐晳鍥藉啗鐨勮皟閬ｃ�傚湪鎸佺畫涓�涓鏈堢殑瀵屾媺灝斿熀鎴樺焦涓紝鏉戞皯浠富鍔ㄥ嚭鍔ㄩ┈杞﹀府鍔╄繍閫佺墿璧勶紝騫磋交浜哄府鍔╁啗闃熶粠鍓嶇嚎鎺ヨ漿浼ゅ憳錛岀畝鍗曞寘鎵庡悗錛岄�佽檸灝旇檸鎷夌伀杞︾珯鍐嶈漿榪愬埌嫻鋒媺灝斿悗鏂瑰尰闄��傛棩鍐涜繘鏀昏叞搴撳嫆鏃訛紝涓�閮ㄥ垎鏉戞皯鑷効鎴愪負鎴樺湴鍚庢彺浜哄憳錛屽府鍔╃淮淇垬澹曘�傚綋鏃舵満鏋渶瑕佸噳姘村喎鍗達紝鏉戞皯鍏崇楹熺瓑浜哄氨浠庢潙閲屾寫浜曟按錛屽啋鐫�鏋灄寮歸洦閫佸埌鍓嶆部闃靛湴銆?/span>
瀵屾媺灝斿熀鐏濺绔欑珯闀塊珮浼楅潚鏄釜鍏鋒湁寮虹儓鐖卞浗蹇冪殑閾佽礬鍛樺伐錛屼粠涔?jié)鏈堜腑鏃紑濮嬶紝楂樺甫棰嗚濺绔欏叏浣撳憳宸ュ崗鍔╁紶鐜夌徑鎵ｇ暀浜嗕粠鍝堝皵婊ㄦ柟鍚戣繃鏉ョ殑涓夊崄鍏彴鐏濺澶達紝涓�鐧懼杈嗗杞︼紝鍥涚櫨澶氳締璐ц濺鍙婅濺涓婄殑璐х墿錛屾姇鍏ユ垬褰硅繍杈撴湇鍔″綋涓紝浣垮緱瀵屾媺灝斿熀鎴樺焦鏈熼棿錛屾晳鍥藉啗鍦ㄦ搗鎷夊皵鑷沖瘜鎷夊皵鍩轟箣闂磋繍杈撻�氱晠銆傚悗鏉ラ儴闃熷湪鎾ら��鑻忚仈榪囩▼涓紝榪欎簺杞﹁締涔熷彂鎸ヤ簡鍏抽敭鎬х殑浣滅敤銆?/span>
鍦ㄦ棩鍐涗鏡鍗犻綈榻愬搱灝斾箣鍓嶏紝浣嶄簬鏈卞鍧庡寳浜屽崄閲屽乏鍙崇殑涓滄潕鍠滃悲銆佽タ鏉庡枩灞�佸粔瀹跺矖銆佸杽瀹濆悲絳夊湴鐨勪簲鍗佷綑鍐滄皯錛屼負淇濇湰鍦板厤閬湡鍖姠鎺犲拰鏃ュ啗鐨勪鏡鍗狅紝鍦ㄦ硶甯堝悤榪炲爞鍜屽紵瀛愬垬榪炴槑緇勭粐涓嬶紝鎴愮珛浜嗙孩鏋細銆傝嫃銆佸紶浜屾梾椹誨啗鏈卞鍧庯紝鎵╁啗緇勫緩鏂板洟鏃訛紝綰㈡灙浼氬叏閮ㄥ姞鍏ャ�傚紶孌夸節(jié)浠庢墡鍏板悲銆佺⒕瀛愬北鏂歸潰甯︽潵鐨勪袱鐧懼浜虹殑綰㈡灙浼氾紝涔熶竴璧風紪鍏ヤ簡闃熶紞銆傛皯闂寸孩鏋細涓庢晳鍥藉啗鐨勪袱涓繛姹囧悎榪涢┗鏉庡鍦版埧瀛愬拰绱集鍙版潙銆備簩鍗佷竴鏃ワ紝綰㈡灙浼氭墦澶撮樀錛岀獊鐒跺悜鎹畧铏庡皵铏庢媺杞︾珯鐨勬棩鍐涘彂璧鋒敾鍑伙紝鍒烘鍥涗釜鏃ュ啗騫舵椿鎹変竴涓紝鍏朵綑鏃ュ啗鏋惰建閬撹濺閫冨洖瀵屾媺灝斿熀錛岀孩鏋細椹昏繘铏庡皵铏庢媺绔欍�?/span>
鍗佷竴鏈堝崄涓�鏃ュ噷鏅紝鏃ュ啗涓嬫灊銆佸唸鍘熶袱閮ㄩ槦鍏櫨澶氭棩鍐涘湪浼啗鐨勯厤鍚堜笅錛屽悜铏庡皵铏庢媺杞︾珯鐨勬晳鍥藉啗鍙戣搗鏀誨嚮銆傛棩鍐涚敤鏈烘灙鎵皠錛岀敤鐐伀杞板嚮錛岀孩鏋細鍛樹粛濂嬪媷鍐查攱錛屾墜鎸佺孩緙ㄦ灙涓庢棩鍐涘睍寮�鑲夋悘鎴橈紝鍒烘鏃ュ啗涓冨崄澶氫漢錛屾棩鍐涘博鏉懼ぇ浣愬綋鍦鴻韓浜°�傜孩鏋細涔熺壓鐗蹭簡浜斿崄浜屼漢錛屽悗鍥犳晫浼楁垜瀵℃病鏈夋彺鍐涜�岄��鍑鴻檸灝旇檸鎷夈�?/span>
瀵屾媺灝斿熀浜烘皯鍏ㄥ煄鎬誨姩鍛橈紝涓烘搗婊℃姉鎴樼殑鍏ㄩ潰灞曞紑鍊懼叾鎵�鏈夛紝灝藉叾鍏ㄥ姏銆傚湪榪戜袱涓湀鐨勫瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰逛腑錛屾晳鍥藉啗浠ヤ笉瓚充袱涓梾鐨勫叺鍔涳紝鐢ㄧ矖闄嬬殑姝﹀櫒涓庤澶囩簿鑹殑涓変竾澶氭棩鍐涜繘琛屼簡孌婃鐨勬垬鏂椼�?/span>
椹崰灞遍瀵肩殑姹熸ˉ鎶楁垬錛屾槸浠ョ渷鍐涙斂搴滅殑鍚嶄箟鍙戣搗鐨勬瑁呮枟浜夛紝鍦ㄥ叏鐪佷箖鑷沖叏鍥界ぞ浼氬悇鐣岀殑鏀寔鍜屾崘鍔╋紝鏄婦鍏ㄧ渷涔嬪姏榪涜鐨勶紝鏈夐噸澶х殑緇忔祹鏉ユ簮涓庣墿璧勪繚闅溿�傝�岃嫃鐐蟲枃棰嗗鐨勬搗婊℃姉鎴橈紝鍒欐槸浠ユ姢璺啗璧蜂箟鐨勫悕涔夊彂璧風殑閽堝浼弧媧插浗鍜屾棩鏈鏡鐣ヨ�呯殑鎶楁垬錛岄�氱數鍥借仈銆傝繖縐嶆枟浜夊艦寮忓湪涓浗鎶楁垬鍙蹭笂鏄涓�嬈°�傜浉瀵逛簬姹熸ˉ鎶楁垬鑰岃█錛屾搗婊℃姉鎴樻槸鍙峰彫涓滃寳姘戜紬鍙傚姞鐨勬姉鎴橈紝緇忔祹淇濋殰銆佸悗鏂規(guī)彺鍔╀笌涔嬬浉宸敋榪溿�傚彲浠ヨ嫻鋒弧鎶楁垬鏄互姘戜紬鎶楁棩鏁戝浗鐨勫艦寮忥紝鎵撳搷浜嗗鏃ュ鎴樼殑絎竴鏋�?/span>
1.1.2銆佹搗婊℃姉鎴樺瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘垬褰逛腑錛屾棩鍐涘湪渚靛崕鎴樹簤涓涓�嬈′嬌鐢ㄥ寲瀛︽鍣紝鍒涢�犱簡絎簩嬈′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樻垬浜夊彶涓婇嬈′嬌鐢ㄥ寲瀛︽鍣ㄦ潃浜虹殑涓栫晫綰綍銆傝�屽瘜鎷夊皵鍩鴻繖搴ф姉鏃ュ悕鍩庝篃鎴愪負涓浗棣栨閬亣鍖栧姝﹀櫒琚嚮鐨勫煄甯傘�?/span>
鍗佹湀鍏棩璧鳳紝鏁戝浗鍐涗笌鏃ュ啗嬋�鎴樺洓澶╋紝鏃ュ啗涓�鐩存湭鑳界獊鐮存晳鍥藉啗闃茬嚎錛屾湡闂達紝鏃ュ啗涓嶆柇澧炲姞鍏靛姏錛屾棩鏈叧涓滃啗鍙鎬護瀹樻钘や俊涔夎矗浠ゆ澗鏈ㄧ洿浜繀閫熸敾涓嬪瘜鎷夊皵鍩猴紝鍚屾椂鎸囦護絎簩鍗佷竷鏃呭洟澧炴彺絎崄鍥涘笀鍥紝鏉炬湪鐩翠寒浠庡凡緇忛泦緇撳埌榻愰綈鍝堝皵鐨勯儴闃熶腑鎶借皟姝ュ叺銆侀獞鍏點�佺偖鍏點�佸伐鍏點�侀�氳鍏電粍鎴愪互涓北寤哄ぇ浣愪負闃熼暱鐨勪腑灞辨敮闃燂紝騫朵翰鑷寚鎸ワ紝涓嬫浠よ鎷夸笅瀵屾媺灝斿熀銆備粠鍗佹湀鍏棩鍒頒節(jié)鏃ワ紝鏃ュ啗鍦ㄩ鏈哄姪鎴樺強澶х偖杞板嚮鐨勬帺鎶や笅錛岃疆鐣己娓″姹燂紝鍚戞晳鍥藉啗鐤媯榪涙敾銆傛晳鍥藉啗涓庢棩鍐涜鎴樺洓澶╁洓澶滐紝涓北鏀槦閬埌姣佺伃鎬х殑鎵撳嚮錛屾棩鏈叧涓滃啗涓や釜鑱旈槦鐨勬闈㈣繘鏀婚伃鍒伴〗寮烘姷鎶楋紝鏃ュ啗渚濋潬絀轟腑浼樺娍錛岀寷鐑堣槳鍑繪晳鍥藉啗鐨勫瘜鎷夊皵鍩烘部姹熼樀鍦板拰涓笢閾佽礬娌跨嚎闃靛湴錛屾晳鍥藉啗铏界劧緇欐棩鍐涗互娌夐噸鎵撳嚮錛屾晳鍥藉啗涔熶粯鍑鴻緝澶т激浜°�備負閬垮厤鏁屾満杞扮偢閫犳垚鏇村ぇ鐨勬崯澶憋紝鏁戝浗鍐涗笉寰楀凡鏀懼純瀵屾媺灝斿熀鍩庯紝鎾よ嚦鍩庤タ閮婂闃靛湴鍜岃叞搴撳嫆涓�綰褲�?/span>
鍗佹湀鍗佹棩涓嬪崍錛岃嫃鐐蟲枃鍦ㄦ湵瀹跺潕鍙紑鎬誨徃浠ら儴涓庡墠鏁屾�繪寚鎸ラ儴浼氳錛屼細璁喅瀹氾細涓洪樆姝㈡棩鍐涢搧鐢茶濺榪囨睙澧炴彺錛屾淳鐖嗙牬闃熷皢瀵屾媺灝斿熀閾佽礬妗ョ偢寮�錛屾妸鏄傛槀婧笌瀵屾媺灝斿熀涔嬮棿鐨勬湪妗ュ交搴曠牬鍧忥紝浠ラ樆姝㈡棩鍐涢搧鐢茶濺銆佽鐢茶濺鍜屾苯杞﹂槦澶т婦榪涚姱瀚╂睙瑗垮哺銆備細鍚庡綋鍗沖疄鏂斤紝騫朵笖鍦ㄥ煄瑗垮拰閾佽礬娌跨嚎闃靛湴鐨勮杽寮卞湴甯﹀煁璁懼湴闆楓�傝繖浜涙帾鏂斤紝浣挎棩鍐涚殑榪涙敾涓ラ噸鍙楁尗錛屼竴鍛ㄥ鏈兘鍓嶈繘涓�姝ャ�傛棩鍐涙澗鏈ㄧ洿浜笀鍥㈤暱鏋佷負鎭肩伀銆傛寚紺哄湪瀵屾媺灝斿熀鐨勬鍏靛拰宸ュ叺閮ㄩ槦鍙互浣跨敤涓�鍒囨墜孌靛浠樻晳鍥藉啗銆?/span>
鍗佹湀鍗佹棩錛屾棩鏈叧涓滃啗媧懼嚭宸ュ叺娓呯悊鏁戝浗鍐涘煁璁懼湪鍓嶆部闃靛湴闄勮繎鐨勫湴闆峰拰闅滅鐗╋紝鏁戝浗鍐涗篃媧懼嚭灝忚偂閮ㄩ槦姝煎嚮鎵浄鐨勫伐鍏靛拰瀹堝煄鏃ャ�佷吉鍐涖�傛棩鏈鏡鐣ュ啗渚跨伃緇濅漢鎬у湴浣跨敤浜嗚姤瀛愭瘨姘斿脊銆傝繖鏄棩鏈叧涓滃啗渚電暐涓滃寳浠ユ潵錛岀涓�嬈′嬌鐢ㄦ瘨姘旓紝鍦ㄤ笢鍖楋紝鍦ㄤ腑鍥斤紝寮�鍚簡鍥介檯鎴樹簤鍙蹭笂浣跨敤鍖栧姝﹀櫒鐨勫厛渚嬨�?/span>
鍗佷簲鏃ヤ笅鍗堬紝鏃ユ湰鍏充笢鍐涙淳鍑洪鏈烘部閾佽礬娌跨嚎涓や晶渚﹀療鍜岃槳鐐告晳鍥藉啗鐨勯樀鍦幫紝鍏朵腑涓夋灦椋炴満鍦ㄦ搗鎷夊皵鐏濺绔欐姇涓嬩簩鍗佷綑棰楅噸紓呯偢寮癸紝灝嗚濺绔欍�侀搧璺弗閲嶇牬鍧忋�傜繉鏃ワ紝鏃ュ啗椋炴満緇х畫鍚戝瘜鎷夊皵鍩恒�佹墡鍏板悲銆佹搗鎷夊皵鍙婁腑涓滆礬娌跨嚎鏁戝浗鍐涢樀鍦版姇寮癸紝騫跺啀嬈″悜鏁戝浗鍐涙姇鏀炬瘨姘斿脊銆?/span>
鏃ユ湰渚電暐鑰呭叕鐒惰繚鑳屽浗闄呮硶錛岀┓鍑舵瀬鎭跺湴鍚戜笢鍖楁皯浼楁晳鍥藉啗鍓嶇嚎閮ㄩ槦鏂芥斁鍖栧姣掓皵錛岃嚧浣夸笢鍖楁皯浼楁晳鍥藉啗鍗婃暟涓瘨銆備笢鍖楁皯浼楁晳鍥藉啗鎬誨徃浠よ嫃鐐蟲枃灝嗗啗鍦?/span>1932騫村崄鏈堝崄浜屾棩閫氱數鍗椾含鏀垮簻鍜屽浗闄呰仈鐩燂紝鎶ュ憡瀵屾媺灝斿熀鎴樺喌錛屾劋鎬掓彮闇插茍鎶楄鏃ユ湰娉曡タ鏂叕鐒惰繚鑳屽浗闄呮硶鐨勬畫鏆磋寰勩�傞�氱數鍒婂彂鍚庯紝鍚勫浗濯掍綋綰風悍璋磋矗鏃ユ湰渚電暐鑰呯殑婊斿ぉ緗銆傛棩鏈硶瑗挎柉鐣欎笅浜嗗湪涓浗棣栨浣跨敤鍖栧姝﹀櫒鏉�浜虹殑緗伓璁板綍銆傜敱姝わ紝瀵屾媺灝斿熀涔熸垚涓虹浜屾涓栫晫澶ф垬涓涓�涓彈鍒板寲瀛︽鍣ㄤ鏡瀹崇殑鍩庡競銆?/span>
緗戠珯棣栭〉 - 姘戦潻浠嬬粛 - 宸ヤ綔鍔ㄦ�?/a> - 鑱岃矗浠誨姟 - 姘戦潻浼犳壙 - 瀛︿範騫沖彴 - 涓撻涓撴爮
鏈綉绔欏凡鏈?span id="kkhz"> 0 浣嶈瀹opyright @ 2006-2013
涓浗鍥芥皯鍏氶潻鍛藉鍛樹細榛戦緳姹熺渷濮斿憳浼氱増鏉冩墍鏈?
榛慖CP澶?5008347鍙?/a> 榛戝叕瀹夌綉 23011002000532鍙?/a>
鍏蟲敞榫欐睙姘戦潻